Current guidance recommends an end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) of 4.04.5 kPa (30.033.8 mm Hg) to achieve a low-normal arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2), and reduce secondary brain injury. It also identifies gaps in research around UK practice and in comparing EtCO2 against UK sepsis guidelines and diagnostic tools such as the UK Sepsis Trust guidelines. Objectives In the UK, 20 of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) receive prehospital emergency anaesthesia (PHEA). This review suggests an EtCO2 of ≤25 mmHg (3.3 kPa) in patients with a suspected infection is diagnostic of sepsis and therefore could be used to increase the speed and accuracy of diagnosis and potentially reduce sepsis mortality. Low end-tidal carbon dioxide as a marker of severe anaesthetic anaphylaxis: the missing piece of the puzzle Br J Anaesth. Of the 44 papers identified in the original search, seven were included in this review. EtCO2 has already been shown to be an indicator of other metabolic acidosis conditions so this review aims to identify the usefulness of EtCO2 in identifying sepsis.Ī systematic literature search was conducted between March and April 2021 using the CINAHL Plus and MEDLINE databases. For CO2 to be exhaled, it must be metabolised and transported before being exhaled by effective ventilation EtCO2 can therefore provide an indication of metabolism, circulation and ventilation. End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) is the measurement of expired CO2 using capnometry and waveform capnography. Rapid diagnosis and rapid treatment of sepsis can significantly reduce mortality but sepsis can be difficult to diagnose. It is a major cause of death worldwide 245 000 cases are reported in the UK annually with a mortality rate of 20.3%. Both end-tidal CO2 monitors and pulse oximetry devices work closely together to help monitor the respiratory status of a patient. Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. End-tidal CO2 monitoring is a non-invasive way to monitor a patient’s carbon dioxide levels. The Cochrane risk of bias tool will be used to assign a judgment about the degree of risk (low risk of bias, high risk of bias and unclear risk of bias) (Additional file 1). To what extent is end-tidal carbon dioxide a predictor of sepsis? We searched the systematic review database, PROSPERO, on 27th April, 2014, with the terms capnography, end-tidal carbon dioxide and sedation.
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